The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (Establishment) Act, 2004 establishes the legal foundation for the creation, powers, and functions of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC)—Nigeria’s principal agency charged with the investigation, enforcement, and prosecution of economic and financial crimes, including money laundering, advance fee fraud, and corruption-related offences.

The Act grants the EFCC extensive investigative powers, including the authority to coordinate with international agencies, trace and freeze illicit assets, prosecute offenders, and enforce relevant financial crime laws. It further provides for the composition of the Commission, procedural safeguards, and penalties for non-compliance.